Lipoma intermuscular de la pared abdominal de un perro

En este artículo se describe un caso de un lipoma simple intermuscular, localizado en la pared abdominal entre el músculo oblicuo interno y transverso del abdomen, en un perro macho de raza Setter Irlandés de 14 años de edad. El animal presentaba un abultamiento en la zona inguinal izquierda desde hacía aproximadamente un año, pero a lo largo de los últimos meses dicho abultamiento había crecido. El estudio radiológico y ecográfico de la masa, junto con el examen citológico de una muestra de la misma, obtenida mediante aspiración con aguja fina, demostraron la existencia de un tejido adiposo. La localización intermuscular de la masa se estableció durante la cirugía, y el diagnóstico definitivo de lipoma se realizó tras el examen histopatológico. La evolución ha sido favorable, y después de un periodo de seguimiento del animal de 6 meses, no ha habido recidiva alguna

Un caso clínico de de carcinoma tiroideo en un gato

Se describe un caso de carcinoma tiroideo en una gata mestiza de 6 años de edad, siendo este tipo de tumores tiroideos de baja incidenica en la clínica felina. ELanimal presentaba un historialde disfagia de aproximadamente 3 semanas de evolución debido a la presencia de una masa dura en la porción ventral del cuello. El estudio radiológico de la región cervical puso de manifiesto la existencia de una masa de densidad tejido blando, y en el examen ecográfico se pudo apreciar una estructura hipoecogénica con áreas centrales anecógenas y focos de mineralización. El examen citológico de una muestra de la masa obtenida mediante aspiración con aguja fina era compatible con una inflamación o con un tumor tipo epitelial. El tratamiento consistió en la exéresis de la masa. La evolución tra la intervención fue favorable, pero aproximadamente un año después el animal había adelgazado, estaba anoréxico y con una ligera dificultad respiratoria. Se realizaron radiografía torácicas y en ellas se pudo observar la presencia de múltiples nódulos, lo cual era compatible con una metástasis pulmonar.

Disrupted neuroglial metabolic coupling after peripheral surgery

Immune-related events in the periphery can remotely affect brain function, contributing to neurodegenerative processes and cognitive decline. In mice, peripheral surgery induces a systemic inflammatory response associated with changes in hippocampal synaptic plasticity and transient cognitive decline, however, the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Here we investigated the effect of peripheral surgery on neuronal-glial function within hippocampal neuronal circuits of relevance to cognitive processing in male mice at 6, 24, and72hpostsurgery. At 6hwedetect theproinflammatorycytokineIL-6inthehippocampus, followedupbyalterations in them RNA and protein expression of astrocyticandneuronal proteinsnecessaryfor optimal energysupplytothebrainandfor thereuptakeandrecycling of glutamate in the synapse. Similarly, at 24 h postsurgery the mRNA expression of structural proteins (GFAP and AQP4) was compromised. At this time point, functional analysis in astrocytes revealed a decrease in resting calcium signaling. Examination of neuronal activity by whole-cell patch-clamp shows elevated levels of glutamatergic transmission and changes in AMPA receptor subunit composition at 72 h postsurgery. Finally, lactate, an essential energy substrate produced by astrocytes and critical for memory formation, decreases at 6 and 72 h after surgery. Based on temporal parallels with our previous studies, we propose that the previously reported cognitive decline observed at 72 h postsurgery in mice might be the consequence of temporal hippocampal metabolic, structural, and functional changes in astrocytes that lead to a disruption of the neuroglial metabolic coupling and consequently to a neuronal dysfunction.This work was supported by a “Ramón y Cajal” fellowship (RYC-2014-15792 to A.G.-C.) from Spanish “Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad”, the Swedish Research Council, the confocal microscope used in the study by Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation (Grant KAW2008.0149), and NIH/NIA R01AG057525 to N.T

TRANSALUD : A qualitative study of the healthcare experiences of transgender people in Barcelona (Spain)

Transgender identities are still considered a psychiatric pathology in many countries according to the prevailing biomedical model. However, in recent years, this pathologizing vision has begun to shift towards a perspective that focuses on the diversity of transgender peoples' experiences. However, some transgender people still face denial of services, discrimination, harassment, and even violence by healthcare professionals, causing them to avoid seeking ongoing or preventive healthcare. This article describes the health experiences of transgender people in Barcelona regarding their access and use of non-specialized health services. Semi-structured interviews were conducted using a descriptive phenomenological approach with sixteen transgender people between December 2018 and July 2019. The data were analyzed descriptively and thematically following the method proposed by Colaizzi with the help of the Atlas.ti8 software. Transgender people care experiences were divided into three categories: overcoming obstacles, training queries, and coping strategies. Participants identified negative experiences and difficulties with the health system due to healthcare providers' lack of competence. Discriminatory, authoritarian, and paternalist behaviors are still present and hinder the therapeutic relationship, care, and access to healthcare services. There is a fundamental need for the depathologization of transgender reality and training for healthcare professionals in the field of sexual diversity. Training in sexual and gender diversity must be included in the curricula of university courses in the health sciences

Transverse Cervicothoracic Stabbing: Multidisciplinary Management of a Surgical Emergency

Tracheobronchial injuries are closely related to orotracheal intubations and chest traumas. Stabbing injuries are very rare and often life threatening because of the damage to vital structures such as the respiratory tract and large arterial or venous vessels. Early diagnosis and treatment of penetrating neck injuries increase survival rates. We report a case of the tracheobronchial section with a penetrating stabbing wound on the left laterocervical area associated with contralateral pneumothorax, requiring urgent surgical pulmonary repair, tracheal suture, and tracheotomy. Prompt action with a multidisciplinary approach resulted in a favorable outcome

Decreased kynurenine pathway potentiate resilience to social defeat effect on cocaine rewa

The kynurenine (KYN) pathway of tryptophan (TRP) degradation is activated by stress and inflammatory factors. It is now well established that social stress induces the activation of the immune system, with central inflammation and KYN metabolism being two of the main factors linking stress with depression. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the long-lasting changes in the KYN pathway induced by social defeat (SD) associated with the resilience or susceptibility to an increase in the conditioned rewarding effects of cocaine. Mice were exposed to repeated SD and 3 weeks later, a conditioned place preference (CPP) induced by a subthreshold dose of cocaine (1.5 mg/kg) was developed. KYN levels in plasma, cerebellum, hippocampus, striatum and limbic forebrain were studied at the end of the CPP procedure. Changes in the KYN pathway after exposure to pharmacological (oxytocin and indomethacin) and environmental interventions (environmental enrichment) were also evaluated. Our results showed that defeated susceptible (SD-S) mice had higher conditioning scores than resilient mice (SD-R). In addition, although KYN concentration was elevated in all defeated mice, SD-R mice showed smaller increases in KYN concentration in the cerebellum than SD-S mice. Oxytocin or Indomethacin treatment before SD normalized cocaine-induced CPP, although the increase in the KYN pathway was maintained. However, environmental enrichment before SD normalized cocaine-induced CPP and prevented the increase in the KYN pathway. The present study highlights the role of the KYN pathway and anti-inflammatory drugs acting on TRP metabolism as pharmacological targets to potentiate resilience to social stress effects

Diversidad afectivo-sexual en mujeres adultas: Una realidad invisibilizada.

La invisibilidad social y científca de la diversidad sexual en mujeres adultas, así como el reduccionismo a la hora de entenderla, nos ha llevado a realizar un estudio con 523 mujeres adultas, con una edad media de 38,52 años (DT = 6,83), de las cuales el 89,3% se consideraba heterosexual. Se evaluaron tres dimensiones sexuales: atracción romántica, atracción sexual y conducta sexual en el pasado, presente y futuro ideal, en una escala de 1 (solo hacia el otro sexo) a 5 (solo hacia el mismo sexo). Los resultados muestran una gran variedad de vivencias sexuales en las diferentes dimensiones evaluadas y cambios en función del momento temporal. Además, también se observó una relación positiva entre la edad y la atracción y conducta exclusivamente heterosexual. Estos resultados contribuyen al entendimiento de la sexualidad femenina y al diseño de programas de educación sexual para mujeres adultas.The social and scientifc invisibility of sexual diversity in adult women, as well as a reductionist way to understanding it, has led us to carry out a study with 523 adult women, with an average age of 38.52 years (SD = 6.83), of which 89.3% were considered heterosexual. Three sexual dimensions were evaluated: romantic attraction, sexual attraction and sexual behavior in the past, present and ideal future, on a scale of 1 (only towards the other sex) to 5 (only towards the same sex). The results show a great variety of sexual experiences in the different evaluated dimensions and changes depending on the temporal moment. In addition, a positive relationship between age and exclusively heterosexual attraction and behavior was also observed. These results contribute to the understanding of female sexuality and the design of sex education programs for adult women

Discriminación y actitudes hacia la diversidad afectivo-sexual: la experiencia de las mujeres

A pesar de los cambios socioculturales, las personas LGTBI todavía deben hacer frente a ciertas dificultades. El objetivo de este estudio es explorar la discriminación y las actitudes hacia la diversidad afectivo-sexual en mujeres. 145 mujeres de entre 17 y 43 años (M=29,63; DT=9,6), cumplimentaron un cuestionario ad hoc sobre discriminación y actitudes hacia el colectivo LGTBI. El 18,7% de las mujeres no heterosexuales ha sufrido discriminación por orientación/identidad sexual. Más mujeres no heterosexuales que heterosexuales (68% frente al 51,4%) han presenciado discriminación por estas cuestiones en su entorno. Encontramos ciertas actitudes negativas en ambos grupos, sobre todo en aquellos ítems relacionados con la expresión de género, la bisexualidad y transexualidad. Estos hallazgos indican la necesidad de educar en diversidad y visibilizar aquellos colectivos que son más excluidos para lograr la equidad y el respeto.Despite sociocultural changes, LGTBI people still have to face certain diffculties. The purpose of this study is to explore discrimination and attitudes towards sexual-affective diversity in women. 145 women between 17 and 43 years old (M = 29,63; SD = 9,6) completed an ad hoc questionnaire about discrimination and attitudes towards the LGTBI group. 18,7% of non-heterosexual women have suffered sexual orientation / identity discrimination. More non-heterosexual women than heterosexuals (68% vs. 51,4%) have witnessed discrimination by these issues in their environment. We found certain negative attitudes in both groups, especially in those items related to the expression of gender, bisexuality and transsexuality. These fndings indicate the need to educate in diversity and make visible those groups that are most excluded to achieve equity and respect

Bicuculline Reduces Neuroinflammation in Hippocampus and Improves Spatial Learning and Anxiety in Hyperammonemic Rats. Role of Glutamate Receptors

Patients with liver cirrhosis may develop minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE) with mild cognitive impairment. Hyperammonemia is a main contributor to cognitive impairment in MHE, which is mediated by neuroinflammation. GABAergic neurotransmission is altered in hyperammonemic rats. We hypothesized that, in hyperammonemic rats, (a) enhanced GABAergic tone would contribute to induce neuroinflammation, which would be improved by reducing GABAergic tone by chronic bicuculline treatment; (b) this would improve spatial learning and memory impairment; and (c) modulation of glutamatergic neurotransmission would mediate this cognitive improvement. The aim of this work was to assess the above hypotheses. Bicuculline was administrated intraperitoneally once a day for 4 weeks to control and hyperammonemic rats. The effects of bicuculline on microglia and astrocyte activation, IL-1β content, on membrane expression of AMPA and NMDA glutamate receptors subunits in the hippocampus and on spatial learning and memory as well as anxiety were assessed. Treatment with bicuculline reduces astrocyte activation and IL-1β but not microglia activation in the hippocampus of hyperammonemic rats. Bicuculline reverses the changes in membrane expression of AMPA receptor subunits GluA1 and GluA2 and of the NR2B (but not NR1 and NR2A) subunit of NMDA receptors. Bicuculline improves spatial learning and working memory and decreases anxiety in hyperammonemic rats. In hyperammonemia, enhanced activation of GABAA receptors in the hippocampus contributes to some but not all aspects of neuroinflammation, to altered glutamatergic neurotransmission and to impairment of spatial learning and memory as well as anxiety, all of which are reversed by reducing activation of GABAA receptors with bicuculline